Asian Parliamentary Openness Index 2026
Assessment date: October 2026
Mongolia
- Government system: Parliamentary system
- Parliamentary type: Unicameral
- Parliament name: State Great Khural of Mongolia
- Parliament official website: https://parliament.mn/
Mongolia is a parliamentary republic with a unicameral legislature, the 126-member State Great Khural. The Prime Minister and Cabinet exercise executive authority and are accountable to Parliament, while the President serves as Head of State with constitutionally defined powers. Mongolia has an established legal framework for parliamentary openness. Parliament publishes legislative proposals, meeting schedules, proceedings, attendance records and national budget documents. Recent digital improvements have expanded public access to parliamentary information. Nevertheless, significant gaps remain between legal obligations and implementation. Parliamentary transcripts are frequently published late, while individual voting records remain incomplete and inconsistently disclosed. Amendments to bills and budgets are difficult to track, and transparency of parliamentary expenditure and Members' financial benefits remains limited. Although public consultation and petition mechanisms exist, feedback processes lack transparency. Citizens also face barriers to observing parliamentary proceedings and enforcing their right to information. Despite improvements in digital infrastructure, structured open data and publicly accessible APIs remain underdeveloped. Overall, Mongolia's Parliament has made progress in information availability, but stronger institutional practices are needed to ensure timely disclosure, meaningful public participation and effective democratic accountability.
Lower chamber
52.34%
(16.75/32)
- Openness on Information
- 67.04% (14.75/22)
- Openness on Accountability
- 33.33% (1/3)
- Openness on Citizen Participation
- 14.29% (1/7)
How a parliament proactively discloses comprehensive legislative, financial, administrative, and procedural data in accessible formats.
22 indicators
Not achieved (4 indicators)
All questions within the indicator receive a score of 0, excluding those that are not applicable to the country context.
0.00/1.00
0.00/0.50
0.00/1.00
0.00/1.00
Partly achieved (7 indicators)
The indicator receives some score, excluding those that are not applicable to the country context.
0.50/1.00
0.50/1.00
0.50/1.00
0.50/1.00
0.50/1.00
0.50/1.00
0.75/1.50
Achieved (11 indicators)
All questions within the indicator receive a full score, excluding those that are not applicable to the country context.
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
1.00/1.00
About the respondent
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National Center for Comprehensive Development (NCCD)
The National Center for Comprehensive Development (NCCD) is an independent Mongolian civil society organization established in 2011. It promotes parliamentary transparency, accountability and citizen participation through research, monitoring and evidence-based advocacy. Since 2021, NCCD has worked to improve public access to parliamentary information. It operates UIH.mn, a civic information platform that provides accessible information on parliamentary activities and helps citizens monitor their elected representatives. NCCD also leads the Right to Know campaign, advocating for public access to Members' voting records, legislative information and greater parliamentary accountability. Its work combines independent monitoring, public engagement and institutional reform advocacy.
Year the organization began monitoring Parliament
2021
Name of respondent
- Enkhbadral Myagmar
Email of respondent to correspond with
Conduct deeper analysis
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For academic use, please contact Professor Akihiro Ogawa (Email: [email protected] )
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